Tourism in Japan Today Essay Example

Tourism in Japan Today Essay Tourism is a major foreign exchange earner for many countries. Most of them are keen on creating an environment that is conducive and attractive for tourists. Governments and the private sector the world over market the tourist attractions within their jurisdictions to ensure they get a share of internationaltravelers. Local tourist destinations are also increasingly becoming popular with citizens of the country which the attractions are located being charged lower prices by the relevant entities to encourage them to visit and promote their tourism sites. People are usually interested in visiting new places, beautiful landscapes, sunny beaches, primitive societies and historical monuments among others. Asia as a continent prides itself in being the home to a significant proportion of international tourists. Japan is one of the biggest beneficiaries. The country is home to about nineteen world heritage sites. Japan has managed to keep intact key aspects of its culture, a factor that h as for years ensured it continuously attract tourists whoareinterested in learning more about the way of life of its people (McDowell 2015). Japans tourism industry is headed for great growth with current trends and future the government future targets set to see inbound visitors making sector become the countrys main source of employment. .The countrys tourism sector is recording steady growth. The number of tourists in Japan has been increasing in the recent years. The year 2016 has seen the number of foreign tourists visiting Japan rise to 2.3 million in the month of July alone (Japan National Tourism Organization 2016). The figure represents a 19.7 percent increase in terms of proportion compared to July of 2015. The figure surpassed that recorded in the month of April 2016 that initially had the highest figures for the year 2016 with the excess figure standing at 215000 visitors. The government had placed its estimates on inbound visitors at 20 million visitors by the year 2020 with last year missing the target by less than half a million with the figure standing at 19.7 million. The figure represents a 47.1% rise compared to that of the year 2014. The growth rate for the year 2016 is the highest since 1964 when the countrys national tourism organization started collecting data. Given the momentumwithwhich the tou rism sector is growing, the country is set to not only achieve the year 2020 target but also surpass it by ahugemargin. The success has got the government to start considering reviewing the target and setting a higher one. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in Japan Today specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in Japan Today specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism in Japan Today specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The composition of inbound visitors has also changed. Chinese visitors constituted the largest proportion of the visitors for the first time Japans tourism history. Such an event was unexpected. There are several factors that can explain the change. One of them is the growing middle-class in China. The economic growth in China has been accompanied by an increase in the number of people joining the countrys middle-class category who have greater amounts of disposable income that they can spend on luxury. Another reason for the large number of Chinese visiting is the weakening of Yen (Japans currency) against the Chinese currency (World Travel Tourism Council 2015). The depreciation of the Yen makes inbound visitors find the cost of visiting Japan as holiday destination cheaper than before. The third factor in growth is relaxing of Japans visa requirement. The Chinese tourists were also the largest spenders. Their total expenditure accounted for about 40.8% of the 3.5 trillion Yen spe nt bytouristsin 2015. The spending was so much and popular that it resulted in the coining of the term bakugai which means explosive buying, to refer to the shopping sprees associated with the Chinese tourists. Even though China ranks at the top in terms of inbound tourist to Japan, factoring in the population shows a lot of potential for growth (Research Co 2016). For instance, even though Taiwan and Hong Kong are much smaller in comparison to China their proportionate tourist numbers are far much than those of China. In view of the growth potential, Japan can look forward to a greater number of inbound Chinese tourists than before.Japan also still has more room for deregulation, a factor that is bound to lead to a surge in the number of tourists from its three biggest inbound tourists that include Chinese, Taiwanese and Koreans. However, a reversal in the weakening of the Yen may lead toa countereffect that may see the numbers become more unpredictable. Inbound tourism is one of the most promising businesses in Japan. Holiday and travelisthe new employment platform and economic driver for the population. Its contribution currently rivals that of the auto industry that is a major employer. The sector currently employs more than 3% of the countrys total population (Japan Macro Advisors 2016). After the winning the bid to host the 2020 Olympics, the government intensified its efforts aimed at promoting tourism. The private sector was not let behind. Various stakeholders began taking advantage of the measures set in place by the government in promoting tourism to offer complementary services that would help create enabling conditions. One of suchinitiativeswas by NTT Docomo Inc that launched a wireless internet service to cater for foreign tourist some of whom had initially complainedaboutthe lack of wifi in the country (Kodera 2014). Such kinds of initiatives by both the government and the private have created more employment opportuni ties especially in the service industry. Clearly, Japans tourism industry is headed for great growth given the current trends and future the government future targets that might see the inbound visitors become the main source of employment. The countrys tourism sector is recording steady growth. Inbound tourist numbers in Japan have been increasing at an unprecedented rate in the recent years, helping it set new records in its tourism sector (Business Monitor International Ltd. 2016). The composition of inbound visitors has also changed. This year, Chinese visitors constituted the largest proportion of the visitors for the first time in Japans tourism history. Factors such as deregulation, a weakening Yen and a surge in the middle-class are the main contributors to this new trend. Despite the fact that China ranks at the top in terms of inbound tourist to Japan, factoring in the population size shows a lot of potential for growth. Japan can take advantage of the opportunity to do more in terms of deregulation and creating a more conducive environment for tourists.Inbound tourism is one of the most promising businesses and the various stakeholders in Japans tourism industry should do their best to maximize their income. Bibliography Business Monitor International Ltd. (2016).Japan tourism report. London, Business Monitor International. Japan Macro Advisors, (2016).Number of Visitors to Japan|Foreign visitors|Tourism. [online] japanmacroadvisors.com. Available at: https://www.japanmacroadvisors.com/page/category/economic-indicators/gdp-and-business-activity/number-of-visitors-to-japan/ [Accessed 19 Sep. Japan National Tourism Organization (2016)Welcome to the Japan national tourism organization website. Available at: http://www.seejapan.co.uk/jnto_consumer/index (Accessed: 19 September 2016). Kodera, A. (2014)Tourism emerges asneweconomic driver for Japan | the Japan times. Available at: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/08/25/reference/tourism-emerges-new-economic-driver-japan/#.V-AIjTVJR-8 (Accessed: 19 September 2016). McDowell, P. (2015).Japan, Sage, London Research, J.T. and Co, C. (2016)Japan tourism marketing Co. Available at: http://www.tourism.jp/en/statistics/ (Accessed: 19 September 2016). World Travel Tourism Council (2015)Economic Impact 2015 Japan. Available at: https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic%20impact%20research/countries%202015/japan2015.pdf (Accessed: 19 September 2016).

3 Examples of How Semicolons Strengthen a Sentence

3 Examples of How Semicolons Strengthen a Sentence 3 Examples of How Semicolons Strengthen a Sentence 3 Examples of How Semicolons Strengthen a Sentence By Mark Nichol Semicolons help clarify construction of sentences. Using the punctuation mark, employed as either a comma on steroids or a strategically flexible period, is usually just one of two or more possible solutions, but though it has a stuffy reputation and many writers are confused about its applications, it often is the best choice. 1. This issue is not cut and dried, it’s actually fairly complicated. This sentence demonstrates the simplest and perhaps most common error related to the role of the semicolon: the failure to use it when when needed in the weak-period function. This pair of independent clauses must be separated by a semicolon: â€Å"This issue is not cut and dried; it’s actually fairly complicated.† Replacing the comma with a dash or beginning a new sentence with it’s are alternative strategies, though the statement does not include a sharp break in thought (which a dash is intended to signal) and does not constitute two distinct ideas meriting separate sentences, so the semicolon is the most suitable solution. 2. For breakfast, he had eggs the way he liked them, over easy, bacon, locally raised, of course, toast, and coffee, which he always stirred exactly 10 times to blend in the milk. This sentence requires semicolons to clearly organize a rambling list of words and phrases that constitute a menu: â€Å"For breakfast, he had eggs the way he liked them, over easy; bacon, locally raised, of course; toast; and coffee, which he always stirred exactly 10 times to blend in the milk.† However, the preparation details can also be presented enclosed in parentheses, which renders semicolons unnecessary: â€Å"For breakfast, he had eggs the way he liked them (over easy), bacon (locally raised, of course), toast, and coffee (which he always stirred exactly 10 times to blend in the milk).† For consistency and to enhance sentence balance and rhythm, better yet, a corresponding detail about the toast should be inserted. 3. The act offers protection from lawsuits arising from monitoring information systems, including employee email, cyberthreat-related disclosures, and sharing of that information with other companies. This sentence requires semicolons because even though â€Å"including employee email† seems obviously related to the preceding phrase, the sentence can also be read as if employee email, cyberthreats-related disclosures, and sharing of that information with other companies are being offered as examples of information systems. Use the stronger punctuation mark in such sentences so that the sentence organization is unambiguous: â€Å"The act offers protection from lawsuits arising from monitoring information systems, including employee email; cyberthreat-related disclosures; and sharing of that information with other companies.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Structure A Story: The Eight-Point Arc5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Fair Price and Stock Valuation Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fair Price and Stock Valuation Techniques - Essay Example If the estimation above were accurate, the share would be said to be undervalued by the market. The Gordon’s growth model has several weaknesses that may make the estimates not to be perfectly accurate. The model used above utilized a trend over 5 years to calculate earnings growth; this does not give a precise estimate. The data applied in the estimation stock’s value is historical (up to December 2011), the market changes from that time may have affected the share prices. The model also assumes constantly growing earnings per share; this assumption is not realistic and may over value a stock. The information used by the market in valuing the stock includes past, present and future information, whereas the model only utilizes past data. (Stoltz, 2007).   stock-analysis-on.net. GlaxoSmithKline PLC (GSK) | Present Value of Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF) [Online] (Updated 2012) Available at: http://www.stock-analysis on.net/NYSE/Company/GlaxoSmithKline-PLC/DCF/Present-Value-of-FCFF [Accessed On 6 November 2012] Londonstockexchange.com. gsk   glaxosmithkline plc   [Online] (Updated 2012) Available at : http://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary.html?fourWayKey=GB0009252882GBGBXSET0 [Accessed On 6 November

Cystic Fibrosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Cystic Fibrosis - Research Paper Example Reflecting on the experiences of the patient who has CF provides deeper insight in to the illness and shows that it has a great impact on the lives of the child, family, and then the adult who must live with CF. Cystic fibrosis is an illness that only just 70 years ago was fatal for children within their first year. The illness was most often diagnosed during autopsy and an understanding of the illness had yet to emerge. Although increases in treatment improved the prognosis of CF, real knowledge about the illness came in the late 1980s when in 1989 the CFTR gene was discovered. Originally the sweat test was considered the definitive test to determine the presence of the illness derivations of the disease have emerged that defy the sweat test as the gold standard. The treatment for CF has improved to the point that instead of dying as infants, people are now living long into old age through management and care (Bush, 2006). The following paper will examine cystic fibrosis through looking at what is known about the disease in relationship to its pathology, through the developing knowledge that has increased life expectancy, and through the treatments and care that has extended the lives of those who suffer from the illness. The paper will discuss the experiences of those who suffer from the illness as well as how treatment has advanced throughout the last decade. Cystic fibrosis is a devastating disease that has taken the lives of many children, but with the advances that have been made in understanding the disease, people are now living much longer and more meaningful lives as they live with the condition. In 1938 Dr. Dorothy Andersen wrote a landmark medical report in which the illness of cystic fibrosis was differentiated as a separate and distinct illness. In 1953 Dr. Paul di Sant’Agnese and associates came to understand that losses in salt

The Underlying causes of women empowerment in the Management Level Dissertation

The Underlying causes of women empowerment in the Management Level across the past decade in the United Kingdom - Dissertation Example Modern women today are given the opportunity to gain better access to education. Since education is a key factor that enables the UK government to effectively eliminate work-related discrimination within the work environment, the inability of men and women to receive proper education is considered as one of the most common factors that lead to work inequalities between men and women. Based on the gathered primary and secondary research findings, this study concludes that the underlying causes of women empowerment in management positions in UK includes not only the presence of feminist groups in UK but also the socio-economic factors that make women become at risk of being deprived of access to better education. Table of Contents Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 2 Table of Contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 I. Introduction .............................................................................. 5 a. Purpose of this Study ................................................. 6 b. Research Objective(s) ............................................... 7 b.1 Sub-Objectives ............................................. ... Rationale for Choosing the Research Topic ............... 10 d. Background of the Project .......................................... 10 II. Literature Review ..................................................................... 13 a. General Overview on Women Empowerment in UK †¦.... 13 b. Differences between Men and Women as Managers and Organizational Leaders †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 15 c. Factors that Increases Work Inequalities between Men and Women ............................................................... 17 d. Why Women would Choose to have Full-Time or Part-Time Employment ................................. 19 e. Underlying Causes of Women Empowerment in UK Management Level †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 III. Research Methodology ....................................................... 25 a. Primary Research Method . ................................................ 25 b. Target Population, Sample Size, and Research Venue ..... 29 c. Research Evaluation and Analysis Method ........................ 30 d. Research Evaluation and Analysis Method ........................ 30 e. Ethical Considerations in Primary Research Study ............ 30 IV. Research Findings and Analysis ................................................. 33 V. Conclusion and Recommendations ............................................ 43 Appendix I – Quantitative Research Survey Questionnaire .................. 47 Appendix II – Research Interview Questionnaire .................................. 48 Appendix III – Quantitative Research Survey Results ........................... 49 Appendix IV – Qualitative Research Survey Results ............................ 50 Appendix IV

Le Groupe International Belge French Essay

Le Groupe International Belge French Essay Note de Synthà ¨se Le groupe international Belge SOLVAY, est un groupe diversifià © il est composà © de 3 Domaines dActività ©s Stratà ©giques: Chimie, Plastique et Pharmacie Lintà ©gration des actività ©s pharmaceutiques au sein du groupe Solvay sinscrit dans là ©volution historique du groupe et dans une stratà ©gie de croissance durable. Depuis les annà ©es 70, Solvay a dà ©cidà © de dà ©velopper des actività ©s acycliques, en particulier dans le domaine de la santà ©, ce qui la conduit à   de nombreuses acquisitions, avec encore rà ©cemment lacquisition des Laboratoires Fournier (2005). Solvay Pharmaceuticals est devenue une socià ©tà © active, de dimension internationale. Solvay Pharmaceuticals a fortement contribuà © au dà ©veloppement du Groupe. Alors que jusque là   le groupe raisonnait en termes de croissance durable et veillait au dà ©veloppement de son actività © pharmaceutique, on assiste aujourdhui à   un revirement stratà ©gique avec la dà ©cision prise le 28 Septembre 2009 de cà ©der lintà ©gralità © des actività ©s Pharmaceutiques. Il est à   noter que le DAS Pharmacie est lactività © la plus rentable du groupe (2/3 des bà ©nà ©fices pour 1/3 du CA). La problà ©matique qui sest alors dà ©gagà ©e a à ©tà © de savoir pourquoi lentreprise Solvay a fait le choix de se dà ©gager dune actività © rentable? La dà ©cision se caractà ©rise comme une stratà ©gie de recentrage, compte tenu du marchà © de la pharmacie (concurrence, mutations) et de ses contraintes (financià ¨res, sanitaires, là ©gales†¦) ainsi que des ressources de lentreprise (taille moyenne). Ce recentrage intervient dans une logique de focalisation stratà ©gique à   long terme. Solvay a dà ©cidà © de dà ©sinvestir par cession (sell-off), avec lintention de se concentrer sur son cÅ“ur de mà ©tier afin dassurer sa pà ©rennità © sur des marchà ©s dominables (≠ Pharmacie structure concurrentielle non favorable) et de renforcer la cohà ©rence de ses actività ©s. Ce revirement sinscrit donc dans une dynamique dadaptation et de pà ©rennisation. Solvay à   donc pour ambition daffirmer sa position parmi les leaders dans les produits et services de la chimie et du plastique, par croissance interne (forte valeur ajoutà ©) et externe (nouvelles compà ©tences, nouveaux territoires). Cette stratà ©gie apparaà ®t comme cohà ©rente face au rude marchà © de la Pharmacie, mais des incertitudes persistent quant au rà ©investissement des sommes dà ©gagà ©es par la vente, mais aussi quant à   lavenir de Solvay sur des marchà ©s enclin à   une flambà ©e des prix des matià ¨res premià ¨res (Progression du CA mais baisse des performances). Introduction A lheure du dà ©veloppement considà ©rable des nouvelles technologies, biotechnologies ou autres nanotechnologies, le secteur mà ©dical est en perpà ©tuel mouvement. Ainsi, avec des efforts en recherche et dà ©veloppement trà ¨s importants dans ces secteurs et laccroissement des produits gà ©nà ©riques ainsi que des laboratoires, ces derniers nont plus seulement comme but de dà ©velopper des ressources et solutions pour les personnes malades. En effet, un rà ©el business sest dà ©veloppà © autour de ce secteur avec une concurrence mondiale qui saccroà ®t chaque annà ©e dans le cadre dune augmentation des dividendes versà ©s aux actionnaires, nà ©gligeant parfois la vocation premià ¨re du secteur mà ©dical: aider les personnes malades. De ce fait, les socià ©tà ©s nont pas de remords à   tester de nouveaux mà ©dicaments en contre partie dune contribution financià ¨re sur des à ©tudiants ou personnes dà ©sireux darrondir leurs fins de mois. En outre, les rachat s dactions ou de socià ©tà ©s sont de plus en plus frà ©quents, les commerciaux mà ©dicaux sont de plus en plus nombreux et laugmentation des produits gà ©nà ©riques complexifient le domaine du secteur mà ©dical de nos jours. En 2010, la France a consacrà © 2,2% du PIB pour la RD, soit prà ¨s de 30 milliards deuros, en augmentation de 5,5% par rapport à   2009. Lunion europà ©enne sest fixà ©e un objectif de croissance de 3% par an dans le but de rattraper le retard par rapport aux Etats-Unis. Le budget de recherche et dà ©veloppement dans le secteur privà © en France est de 5 milliards deuros pour lannà ©e courante. Cette faible croissance des dernià ¨res annà ©es à   conduit à   la dà ©localisation de nombreuses entreprises dans dautres pays au dà ©but du XXIà ¨me sià ¨cle. Dans le cadre de notre sujet de recherche, nous à ©tudierons la position du groupe international SOLVAY qui sest rà ©cemment sà ©parà ©e dun de ses trois domaines dactività ©s stratà ©giques, le secteur pharmaceutique. Ce domaine qui à ©tait rentable pour la socià ©tà © Belge. Aprà ¨s avoir prà ©sentà © ce groupe diversifià ©, nous prà ©senterons les cours de son action et mettrons en à ©vidence les chiffres clà ©s qui permettent de mieux lapprà ©hender. Dans une seconde partie, nous nous focaliserons sur le domaine cà ©dà © par SOLVAY, le secteur pharmaceutique et nous y à ©tudierons plus prà ©cisà ©ment ses diffà ©rentes facettes. Nous pourrons ainsi en dà ©gager des rà ©flexions sur la pertinence de la dà ©cision rà ©alisà ©e par les dirigeants de la socià ©tà ©. I. SOLVAY un groupe diversifià © 1. Prà ©sentation du Groupe SOLVAY Solvay est une socià ©tà © fondà ©e en 1863 par le chimiste Ernest Solvay. Le groupe fut le premier à   dà ©velopper la production du bicarbonate de sodium ainsi que lutilisation de là ©lectrolyse. SOLVAY est donc un groupe chimique et pharmaceutique international dont le sià ¨ge se trouve à   Bruxelles. Il est prà ©sent dans 50 pays et emploie plus de 29.000 personnes dans les secteurs dactività ©s: Chimie, Plastique et Pharmaceutique. Aujourdhui, SOLVAY est un groupe international qui intervient dans lindustrie chimique et pharmaceutique, il sest dà ©veloppà ©, dans plus de 50 pays, emploie 29000 employà ©s dans le monde. Le sià ¨ge se trouve à   Bruxelles, en Belgique. Le groupe, qui a une actività © industrielle importante dans les secteurs dactività ©s: Chimie, Plastique et Pharmaceutique, veille à ©galement à   la protection de lenvironnement tout au long du cycle de vie du produit dans le cadre dune prise en compte active du dà ©veloppement durable. Chacun est dailleurs sensibilisà © à   ce sujet dans le code de conduite de la socià ©tà ©  «One group, One code, One path ». Depuis le 15 Fà ©vrier 2010, SOLVAY sest rà ©orientà © sur 2 axes stratà ©giques (Chimie, Plastique) avec la revente de lactività © pharmaceutique à   la socià ©tà © Abott dans le cadre dun recentrage des actività ©s de la socià ©tà © Belge. La plus-value aprà ¨s impà ´t rà ©alisà ©e sur la vente du secteur pharmaceutique est de 1,7 milliards deuros. La socià ©tà © a pour but de rà ©investir cette somme dans des projets stratà ©giques en chimie et plastiques. De plus, elle souhaite continuer à   dà ©velopper ses rà ©gions qui ont un potentiel de croissance. En attendant les rà ©sultats des à ©valuations sur ces projets, elle compte investir à   court terme la trà ©sorerie excà ©dentaire. 2. Les parties prenantes Le groupe SOLVAY est cà ´tà © au NYSE Euronext à   Bruxelles, il est dà ©tenue à   30,07% par Solvac, 3,05% est dà ©tenu par Solvay Stock Option Management et 2,94% est dà ©tenue par Blackrock. Il est a souligner que M. Patrick Solvay est administrateur de la holding Solvac est dà ©tient 5,27% du Capital de celle-ci. à  Lien à ©troit entre Solvac et Solvay (Famille Solvay) 3. Performance Globale Quant à   lanalyse de la performance globale et à   la projection de la socià ©tà © sur les prochaines annà ©es, nous avons retenu les informations les plus pertinentes (daprà ¨s là ©tude des analystes dinfinancials: www.infinancials.com, des donnà ©es fournies par www.bourse.lesechos.fr, ainsi que des donnà ©es du Groupe Solvay: www.solvay.com). Voici tout dabord les diffà ©rentes à ©volutions des chiffres daffaires et rà ©sultats opà ©rationnels entre 2008 et 2009: CA 09 ∆% CA 08/09 Resultat opà ©rationnel 09 ∆% Resultat opà ©rationnel 08/09 Pharmaceutique 2791 3% 649 29% Chimique 2713 -12% 246 3% Plastique 2982 -19% 73 -72% * les chiffres ci-dessus sont en millions deuros/Source: infinancials.com Ci-dessus, là ©volution du chiffre daffaire et du rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel entre 2008 et 2009. On peut facilement observer sur ces donnà ©es calculà ©es à   partir du rapport 2009 de Solvay, que lactività © pharmaceutique a à ©tà © en forte progression aussi bien en termes de ventes que de rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel. Les actività ©s chimiques et plastiques, quant à   elles, en rà ©gression considà ©rables au niveau des ventes ainsi quen rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel pour lactività © plastique, ont en partie à ©tà © affectà ©es par la crise mondiale rà ©cente. Seulement le secteur pharmaceutique permet de rà ©tablir ces valeurs peu favorables durant lannà ©e 2009. De plus, daprà ¨s le rapport 2009 de SOLVAY, la là ©gà ¨re à ©volution du rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel du secteur chimique a à ©tà © induite par la diminution des coà »ts fixes et coà »ts à ©nergà ©tiques. Le secteur pharmaceutique a de nombreux produits phares dans diffà ©rentes spà ©cialisations comme les vaccins antigrippaux (Influac), la gynà ©cologie (Duphaston, Prometrium), la cardiomà ©tabollique (Tricor, Liphantyl) ou encore la neuroscience (Serc). Ces produits sont à   forte valeur ajoutà ©e pour le groupe. Ainsi, lacquisition de filiales et le dà ©veloppement de la socià ©tà © dans des pays en voie de dà ©veloppement ont contribuà © à   la plus-value rà ©alisà ©e lors de la cession. 2009 Prà ©visionnel 2010 ∆% 09/10 Investissements et acquisitions 567 673 18,7% RD 555 148 -73,3% Total 1122 821 -26,8% * les chiffres ci-dessus sont en millions deuros/Source: infinancials.com Sur ce tableau, on peut observer la projection de la socià ©tà © quant à   lannà ©e 2010 concernant les investissements et la recherche et dà ©veloppement. On peut constater que la socià ©tà © va continuer à   se dà ©velopper en comptant acquà ©rir dautres filiales. Suite à   la vente du secteur pharmaceutique à   Abott, la RD va considà ©rablement diminuer. En effet, la recherche mà ©dicale nà ©cessite beaucoup de moyens pour la recherche afin de dà ©velopper de nouveaux mà ©dicaments. Suite à   là ©tude de la performance des concurrents, et grà ¢ce aux ressources dinfinancials.com en sà ©lectionnant les crità ¨res suivant: EBITDA, rendement de la dette, revenus net, valeur des actions, volatilità © des actions. Nous avons pu caractà ©riser la socià ©tà © comme suiveuse. Voici, selon les analystes dinfinancials.com, la notation attribuà ©e à   la socià ©tà © en comparaison de la concurrence mondiale: SOLVAY Concurrence mondiale Taux de croissance 1,9 4,2 Valeur de lentreprise 3,4 5,1 Profitabilità © 6,1 5 Risque de marchà © 7,3 6,7 * toutes les notes sont notà ©es sur 10 points A titre informatif, les indicateurs et les valeurs pertinentes dà ©taillà ©s de ces dernià ¨res annà ©es sont mis à   disposition en annexes (Annexe 1). 4. Domaines dActività ©s Stratà ©giques La typologie des 3 DAS: Pharmaceutique : Cest un secteur de croissance non cyclique, il reprà ©sentait une zone de croissance pour Solvay. La socià ©tà © pharmaceutique est de taille moyenne. Chimique : La branche chimie dispose dun leadership fort et dune position concurrentielle. Elle se dà ©compose en 4 grands pà ´les: Le Pà ´le des minà ©raux (46% du CA du secteur Chimique: Carbonate de soude et dà ©rivà ©s, carbonates de baryum et de strontium,  « advanced Functional Minerals  ») Le Pà ´le Electrochimie et Fluor (36,3% du CA du secteur Chimique : soude caustique et produits fluorà ©s) Le Pà ´le Oxygà ¨ne (16,3% du CA du secteur Chimique : peroxyde dhydrogà ¨ne, dà ©tergence et caprolactones) Et le pà ´le Organique (0,9% du CA du Secteur Chimique) Plastiques : Cette branche est mineure dans lactività © du groupe, et se caractà ©rise par une spà ©cialisation dans: Les Polymà ¨res  « high tech  » et Inergy Automotive Systems (42% du CA de ce secteur) Et les actività ©s compà ©titives de la chaà ®ne vinylique (58% du CA de ce secteur) Il est à   souligner que Solvay fait partie des leaders mondiaux dans les domaines de la fabrication et de la commercialisation de produits plastiques et chimiques. Analyse des performances à ©conomiquespar DAS: Dans un premier temps nous allons analyser la reprà ©sentation des diffà ©rents DAS dans la performance à ©conomique du groupe Solvay. Rà ©partition du CA 2009 en pourcentage: Rà ©partition du Rà ©sultat 2009 en pourcentage: Au niveau du Chiffre dAffaires on remarque que la rà ©partition est homogà ¨ne avec une reprà ©sentation denviron 1/3 pour chaque DAS. Cependant dans lanalyse du Rà ©sultat on remarque que le portefeuille dactività ©s est trà ¨s dà ©sà ©quilibrà © en effet la Pharmacie reprà ©sente 2/3 du Rà ©sultat global du groupe. Tandis que les secteurs Chimique et Plastique ne reprà ©sentent seulement 1/3, la chimie à ©tant le plus rentable des 2. Suite à   cette analyse nous pouvons dire que le secteur Pharmaceutique est le plus rentable et ainsi est la source principale de revenu pour du groupe. Analyse du portefeuille dactività ©s du groupe: Matrice BCG: Lanalyse du portefeuille BCG est basà ©e sur 2 indicateurs la PDM relative et le taux de croissance. Pour le groupe Solvay, la Matrice laisse apparaitre la Pharmacie comme DAS Dilemme, en effet compte tenu de la concentration du secteur et de la taille moyenne de la branche pharmacie du groupe Solvay cette actività © devient problà ©matique. La chimie cÅ“ur de mà ©tier du groupe reprà ©sente lactività ©  «Vache à   lait », en effet Solvay fait partie des leaders sur ce marchà © à   tendance stable (taux de croissance nul) et enfin lactività © Plastique se prà ©sente comme  «Star » car Solvay travaille beaucoup dans le segment des plastiques  «high tech » et simpose comme un acteur important dans le domaine. II. Le Recentrage: une stratà ©gie nà ©cessaire et cohà ©rente? 1. Diagnostic (Focus DAS Pharmacie) A. Diagnostic Externe Les grandes tendances du marchà ©: * Une croissance fragilisà ©e: Le secteur connaà ®t une croissance mais qui est fragilisà ©e par la crise. En effet depuis ces 3 dernià ¨res annà ©es, on assiste à   un ralentissement de la croissance du CA du secteur et ainsi a une perte de vitesse de la croissance du secteur. Plusieurs facteurs, expliquent cela, daprà ¨s les à ©tudes du XERFI 700 on dà ©note : Les à ©conomies des organismes payeurs tel que lassurance maladie et autres mutuelles qui rà ©duisent leurs coà »ts. Une baisse significative de lauto mà ©dication : du fait de la remonter des prix et de la baisse du pouvoir dachat de la population dut à   la crise Une forte augmentation de la consommation de vaccins ainsi que de la vente de mà ©dicament gà ©nà ©rique. Rà ©ellement seul lactività © hospitalià ¨re et des maladies de grandes ampleurs tel que de la grippe A soutiennent lactività © du secteur. Concernant le dà ©veloppement des gà ©nà ©riques il est dà ©favorable à   lindustrie franà §aise par exemple (car cest un producteur de second rang). Les principaux producteurs sont les pays à ©mergents tel que la chine l inde ou le brà ©sil. Laugmentation de la perte de brevet reprà ©sente une hausse des couts de la recherche et un dà ©clin de la productività © de la RD Un durcissement de la rà ©glementation des mà ©dicaments concernant notamment toutes les à ©tapes de fabrication. La radicalisation des conditions dhomologation des nouveaux Laugmentation des substituts tels que les alicaments, les contrefaà §ons de mà ©dicaments (en nette progression dans les pays en dà ©veloppement) et les nouvelles alternatives thà ©rapeutiques. Le problà ¨me de surcapacità © des grands groupes dans la production de mà ©dicaments reprà ©sente à ©galement une des raisons de la fragilità © de ce secteur. Le problà ¨me de ce ralentissement vient principalement de la faible croissance des marchà ©s forts tels que les marchà ©s europà ©en et amà ©ricain. Nà ©anmoins les pays en dà ©veloppement tels que la Chine, lInde reprà ©sentent un à ©norme potentiel. * La crise du modà ¨le Blockbuster: Le modà ¨le blockbusters reposait sur la production dun nombre restreint de rà ©fà ©rences qui par des effets de masses et dà ©conomie dà ©chelles, atteignait des niveaux de rentabilità © trà ¨s à ©levà ©. On assiste aujourdhui à   une crise de ce modà ¨le du fait quaujourdhui la clientà ¨le a nettement moins besoin de mà ©dicament de masse mais de plus de mà ©dicament ciblà ©. Ce systà ¨me est à ©galement remis en cause par: la perte des brevets, laugmentation des coà »t de RD, la concurrence des gà ©nà ©riques†¦ * La tendance à   la spà ©cialisation Le secteur pharmaceutique sur le long terme tend à   un partage des risques et vers un modà ¨le de blockbusters de niche (mà ©decine de spà ©cialità ©). Cette nouvelle tendance intà ¨gre le dà ©veloppement des nouvelles technologies, lenjeu de se modà ¨le rà ©side dans une stratà ©gie de portefeuille nouvelle adaptà ©e a des besoins bien spà ©cifiques. * Restructuration dans le secteur Les grands laboratoires sont à ©galement à   la recherche dà ©conomies de coà »ts, notamment en RD, cest ainsi que lon a assistà © à   une vague de restructuration en 2008. Lobjectif à ©tant dadapter lorganisation de la RD (sous traitance), pour leurs permettre de prà ©server leur potentiel dinnovation et mieux rà ©pondre à   lintà ©gration des nouvelles technologies. * Le retour à   une concentration du marchà © (mà ©gafusions) Face à   ces mutations du secteur, les grands laboratoires on dà ©ployà © de nouvelles stratà ©gies pour conserver leur position et rà ©pondre aux exigences du marchà © et des payeurs. Les enjeux aujourdhui pour ces groupes sont loptimisation des coà »ts et la croissance externe, cest ainsi quils on recours à   des Fusions et Acquisitions ciblà ©es par exemple en rachetant des petites boà ®te spà ©cialisà ©es dans les biotechnologies (RD active et innovante) ou en acquà ©rant des actività ©s oà ¹ les barrià ¨res à   lentrà ©es sont moins importantes comme les gà ©nà ©riques, les vaccins†¦(les entreprises cibles sont de taille moyenne). Le secteur pharmaceutique passe de la production de produit de masse à   la recherche de marchà ©s de niche à   fort potentiel. Cette à ©volution passera incontestablement par des investissements importants à   linternational (conquà ªte de nouveaux marchà ©e), en RD (nouvelles technologies) etc †¦ Analyse PESTEL: *Source Xerfi 700 On a pu observer que le contexte dans lequel lindustrie pharmaceutique à ©volue est de plus en plus difficile. Le dà ©veloppement de nouveaux mà ©dicaments coà »te cher et lissue est toujours plus incertaine. Les contraintes sanitaires et là ©gales sont devenues draconiennes et lapprobation de plus en plus difficile. Analyse des à ©là ©ments structurels du secteur: Modà ¨le de Porter(5 forces+Gouvernement)  · Le pouvoir de nà ©gociation des fournisseurs (+) Il y a un faible pouvoir de nà ©gociation de la part des fournisseurs. En effet les entreprises du secteur commandent majoritairement de grosses quantità ©s notamment du fait de la production de masse des mà ©dicaments et dans le but de rà ©aliser des à ©conomies dà ©chelles (systà ¨me des blockbusters). Cependant ce fort pouvoir de nà ©gociation tend à   diminuer du fait de la crise du modà ¨le des blockbusters.  · Le pouvoir de nà ©gociation des clients (+-) Il y a un faible pouvoir de nà ©gociation de la part des clients. Cependant les clients finaux sont fortement influencà ©s par limplication des organismes payeurs, dans le taux de remboursement des mà ©dicaments.  · Les produits substituts (- -) Les produits gà ©nà ©riques sont de nouveaux produits de substitution leur production commence dà ¨s quun brevet tombe dans le domaine public. Le nombre de mà ©dicaments gà ©nà ©riques est en augmentation chaque annà ©e ce qui est une menace pour le secteur. Enfin la dernià ¨re menace sont les produits contrefaits en augmentation dans les pays en dà ©veloppement qui se substituent à   tord aux mà ©dicaments originaux. Autre menace dans une moindre mesure, les alicaments et mà ©decines douces, bien quils ne rà ©pondent pas aux mà ªmes besoins et ne sont pas rà ©ellement substituables, ils sont consommà ©s en amont par les consommateurs ce qui correspond à   une forme de substitution.  · Entrants potentiels (+) Le secteur est fermà © aux nouveaux entrants, il est donc difficile de venir concurrencer une entreprise sur le secteur, en effet il y a de trà ¨s fortes barrià ¨res à   lentrà ©e (investissements financiers à ©levà ©s, technologies†¦). Il faut cependant souligner le fait que les clients dans ce secteur ne sont pas fidà ¨les à   une marque si le produit à   la mà ªme efficacità © (mà ©dicaments gà ©nà ©riques).  · Concurrence interne (- -) La rivalità © dans ce secteur dactività © est trà ¨s vive du fait du nombre et de la taille des acteurs (concentration). Le marchà © de la pharmacie est de type ultra concurrentiel, avec une dominance des 2 leaders mondiaux (Pfizer et GSK), suivis de grands groupes internationaux (ex: MerckCo, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis†¦) et en de laboratoires nationaux indà ©pendants trà ¨s actifs qui possà ¨dent des positions fortes notamment dans la RD.  · Gouvernement (-) Il est essentiel de noter limportance des facteurs induits par le Gouvernement dans un secteur tel que celui de la Pharmacie. En effet le gouvernement joue un rà ´le essentiel en ce qui concerne le contrà ´le de la production des mà ©dicaments et des prix pratiquà ©s. Le gouvernement joue un rà ´le essentiel dans un pays comme par exemple en France oà ¹ il est un organisme payeur (remboursement des mà ©dicaments). B. Diagnostic Interne Dans les annà ©es 70 et au lendemain de la crise pà ©trolià ¨re, le groupe Solvay a optà © pour un modà ¨le stratà ©gique hybride, en se lanà §ant, grà ¢ce plusieurs acquisitions, dans le secteur pharmaceutique. Lobjectif à ©tait alors davoir une actività © plus stable dans son portefeuille dactività ©s, qui permettrait de compenser laspect trop cyclique des actività ©s Chimie et Plastique (rà ©partition des risques). Cette petite actività © est devenue grande et source de revenu, au cours du temps. En 2008, la pharmacie pesait pour 52 % du bà ©nà ©fice du groupe Solvay, elle nest donc pas une actività © annexe. Il semblerait quaujourdhui Solvay Pharma soit un groupe denvergure relativement modeste et nest pas la taille critique pour poursuivre son à ©volution dans le secteur pharmaceutique. SOLVAY PHARMACEUTICALS est un groupe de socià ©tà ©s pharmaceutiques qui assurent les actività ©s pharmaceutiques mondiales du groupe SOLVAY. Axà © sur la recherche, ces socià ©tà ©s semploient à   rà ©pondre à   des besoins mà ©dicaux non satisfaits dans les domaines thà ©rapeutiques suivants: neurosciences, cardiomà ©tabolisme vaccins antigrippaux, gastro-entà ©rologie et gynà ©cologie/andrologie (source Solvay). En passant en revue les principales fonctions de lentreprise, il est possible de dà ©terminer les forces et faiblesses par rapport aux concurrents de lentreprise Solvay. Nous analyserons donc la branche pharmacie sur diffà ©rents aspects et crità ¨res : Commercial Solvay pharma a augmentà © ses ventes en Amà ©rique du Nord. Cela est dà » à   des raisons bien prà ©cises. Lapprobation de mà ©dicaments par la Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) a nettement augmentà © la vente de certains produits comme le CREON. Il a donc explosà © les ventes aux Etats-Unis puisquil le chiffre daffaire dà ©passe les 260 millions deuros. On peut aussi noter une diminution des ventes de Marinol puisque le mà ©dicament est passà © dans le secteur public. Lentreprise doit ainsi faire face à   une concurrence fà ©roce que sont les gà ©nà ©riques. On peut ainsi noter une forte augmentation des parts de marchà ©s sur le sol Amà ©ricains puisquil reprà ©sente 39% des ventes totales dans le monde de Solvay Pharma. De ce fait, Les principaux clients de Solvay Pharma sont lAmà ©rique du Nord, la Russie et la France. LEurope reste en tà ªte avec plus de 46% des ventes rà ©alisà ©. La collaboration avec ChemDiv met en avant une volontà © de se rapprocher encore plus de la Russie ainsi que des Etats-Unis. De plus, il reflà ¨te une recherche permanente puisque ChemDiv est un institut spà ©cialisà © dans la recherche de nouveaux composà ©s. On peut donc noter que ce partenariat sintà ¨gre parfaitement dans la stratà ©gie de croissance de Solvay Pharma. Elle est aussi en collaboration avec HUYA Bioscience International, une entreprise spà ©cialisà ©e dans la facilitation et laccà ©là ©ration du co-dà ©veloppement mondial de nouveaux produits biopharmaceutiques originaires de Chine. Ainsi grà ¢ce à   cette collaboration, Solvay Pharma accà ¨de au portefeuille de molà ©cule chinoise et dà ©veloppe le domaine cardiovasculaire. On peut aussi noter les produits phares de Solvay Pharma qui sont les vaccins antigrippaux principalement vendus en Europe, lAndrologie vendu dans le monde entier ainsi que lEnzyme pancrà ©atique. Recherche et dà ©veloppement Dans le cadre de la recherche et du dà ©veloppement, Solvay Pharma continue son partenariat avec Abbott. Ainsi, sur les produits visant à   diminuer le cholestà ©rol, Solvay Pharma et Abbott ont dà ©veloppà © un produit TRILIPIX rà ©duisant ce symptà ´me. Ils ont ainsi pu diminuer les dà ©penses de recherche et dà ©veloppement. On peut aussi noter que dans ce secteur dactività ©, la RD est trà ¨s importante. De ce fait, les dà ©penses dans ce pà ´le sà ©là ¨vent à   416 millions deuros alors que lentreprise alloue un budget total de 555 millions deuros toutes les dà ©penses lià ©es à   la recherche. Il est important de noter que Solvay Pharma se munie des meilleurs installations puisquelle a installà © la technologie la plus rà ©cente pour son unità © de production cellulaire. Au dà ©but des annà ©es 2000, les espoirs du groupe reposaient sur deux molà ©cules vedettes : le Cilansetron (syndrome du colon irritable) et le Bifeprunox (schizophrà ©nie). Cependant face aux diffà ©rents refus des autorità ©s sanitaires, Solvay a dà » abandonner ces molà ©cules en 2005 (Cilansetron) et 2009 (Bifeprunox), ces à ©checs ont entrainà © la perte de plusieurs millions deuros. On dà ©note à ©galement une faible productività © en termes de RD chez Solvay Pharma. Aujourdhui la rentabilità © et la croissance de lactività © Pharmaceutique sont assurà ©es par les molà ©cules hà ©rità ©es de lacquisition de Fournier (Tricor/Trilipix). Lactività © Pharmaceutique repose donc  «principalement » sur ces molà ©cules (faiblesse a long terme) qui constituent le principal argument de vente la branche Pharma. Financier On peut constater que la vente de Solvay Pharma reprà ©sente un gain de plus de 5 milliard deuros. Ce montant est basà © sur les gains quenregistre Solvay Pharma depuis les dernià ¨res annà ©es. De fait, le rà ©sultat opà ©rationnel sur ce secteur atteint des records puisquil a augmentà © de plus de 27% atteignant ainsi 640 millions deuros sur lannà ©e 2009. On peut aussi constater dans les tableaux des flux de trà ©sorerie que lentreprise Solvay Pharma diminue les efforts dinvestissements puisquelle a diminuà © ses emprunts de prà ¨s de 200 millions deuros. Cela est dà » à   la trà ©sorerie que dà ©gage depuis peu lactività © pharmaceutique. Lentreprise pratique aussi à ©normà ©ment lauto financement puisquelle en a les capacità ©s. C. SWOT Opportunità ©s Menaces Forte augmentation de la consommation de vaccins. Forte augmentation de la vente de mà ©dicament gà ©nà ©rique. Lactività © hospitalià ¨re et des maladies de grandes soutiennent lactività © du secteur. Fort potentiel des nouveaux marchà ©s en dà ©veloppement tel que la Chine, le Brà ©sil et lInde. Modification de lorganisation de la RD Fort potentiel de dà ©veloppement des marchà ©s de niche (spà ©cialisation) Diminution de laugmentation du CA du secteur Ralentissement de la croissance Une baisse significative de lauto mà ©dication Faible croissance des marchà ©s Occidentaux Marchà © trà ¨s concurrentiel (notion de taille critique) Durcissement de la rà ©glementation des mà ©dicaments concernant toutes les à ©tapes de fabrication Diminution des remboursements des à ©tablissements payeurs (tel que la sà ©curità © sociale) La crise du modà ¨le des blockbustersà  dvpt des gà ©nà ©riques Une hausse des couts de la RD et un dà ©clin de la productività © Pertes des brevets Dà ©veloppement des big pharma (FAà  concentration du secteur) Forces Faiblesses Recherche et dà ©veloppement Prà ©sence importante sur un marchà © porteur quest le cholestà ©rol (fenofibrate) Gros portefeuille de molà ©cules Partenaire dune grande importance Abbott, partenaire chinois (acquisition de part de marchà © en Chine) Dà ©veloppement grà ¢ce à   lacquisition des pà ´les pharmaceutiques (cardiovasculaire avec lacquisition de Fournier) Solvay Pharma dimportance moindre / à   la concurrence (taille moyenne) Difficultà © à   faire face au marchà © des gà ©nà ©riques Coà »t de la RD Manque de productività © dans la RD Rentabilità © et croissance repose sur les molà ©cules de Fournier Echec du dà ©veloppement de 2 molà ©cules vedettes Actività ©s mà ¨re de lentreprise ne peuvent pas se dà ©velopper à   cause de linvestissement dans la pharmacie Facteurs Clà ©s de Succà ¨s: Le dà ©veloppement et la rà ©organisation de la RD, et lintà ©gration de nouvelles technologies La rà ©duction des coà »ts et le dà ©veloppement sur des segments a forte valeur ajoutà © notamment par des processus de fusion acquisition Malgrà © son degrà © de spà ©cialisation, Solvay Pharma na pas la taille critique pour rà ©pondre au FCS (dà ©velopper un avantage concurrentiel durableà  coà »t à ©levà ©) et ainsi pour se dà ©velopper sur un marchà © ultra-concurrentiel. 2. Les modalità ©s de la dà ©cision A. Description de la dà ©cision de recentrage Le 28 Septembre 2009 Solvay a annoncà © le recentrage de ses actività ©s, afin de mettre en Å“uvre une rà ©orientation stratà ©gique sur son cÅ“ur de mà ©tier dans lintention dassurer la pà ©rennisation du Groupe. Pour cela le groupe à   dà ©cider de vendre la totalità © de ses actività ©s pharmaceutiques. Cette annonce a suscità © tout dabord lintà ©rà ªt des firmes europà ©ennes et tout particulià ¨rement du groupe Sanofi-Aventis. Loffre faite par Sanofi-Aventis a à ©tà © dà ©clinà ©e par la famille, celle-ci valorisait la socià ©tà © à   7,2 milliards deuros (soit 85 euros par action), Solvac souhaitait alors 100 euros par actions. La vente a finalement à ©tait faite à   Abbott,  «coopà ©titeur » historique du groupe, pour une valeur dentreprise totale denviron 5,2 milliards deuros. ABBOTT est une entreprise multinationale amà ©ricaine diversifià ©e dans le domaine de la santà ©, elle intervient dans la recherche, le dà ©veloppement et à   la commercialisation de produits pharmaceutiques et mà ©dicaux spà ©cifiques, y compris les produits nutritionnels, diagnostiques et les dispositifs mà ©dicaux. Lentreprise amà ©ricaine emploie plus de 72.000 personnes et commercialise ses produits dans plus de 130 pays (source

T.S. Eliots The Wasteland Essay -- Eliot Wasteland Survival Essays

T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland Cooperation is the key to human survival, and over time humans have been known to group together to survive. This strategy has allowed humans to develop massive cities and countries of immense power. Without the natural instinct to cling to one another, humans would not be as advanced as they are today, and may not have even made it out of the caves. Many authors display our natural instinct to cooperate in their works, allowing the characters to become more real to the readers. T.S Eliot’s The Wasteland displays our natural instinct to cooperate with each other as a key to our survival. As we struggle to survive when our world begins to fall apart, our basic instinct to cooperate with each other kicks in and we cling to each other for comfort. This concept is brought up in Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart. And again W.B. Yeats’s says in one of his poems, "Things fall apart; the center cannot hold." In either case the concept of clinging to one another and cooperating when things fall apart is displayed as a basic instinct that is the key to our success as humans. The Wasteland describes how humans cling together as the world falls apart by depicting a world from a much different point of view then we are used to. Instead of seeing the world in a positive view, Eliot depicts the world in despair. As this world falls apart, humans cling together and cooperate to get through the bad times. Lines 139-172 depict a scene in a pub that illustrates how we cling to one another even though we may not be supportive of each other. In this scene, Albert tells his wife how he thinks she is ugly and can’t fulfill what he desires of her. As he goes on, she makes excuses about why she is ugly and can’t... ...Org: Public Affairs on the Web. 13 Dec. 2000: 24 Jan. 2001. http://www.c-span.org/campaign2000/bushspeech.asp. Brooks, David. Bobos in Paradise : The New Upper Class and How They Got There. New York: Simon, 2000. Eliot, T.S. The Waste Land, Prufrock and Other Poems. New York: Dover, 1998. Gore, Albert Jr., Concession Speech. C-Span.Org: Public Affairs on the Web. 13 Dec. 2000: 24 Jan. 2001. http://www.c-span.org/campaign2000/gorespeech.asp. Jin, Ha. Waiting. New York: Vintage, 2000. Maddy, Yulisa Amadu. No Past No Present No Future. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann- Reed, 1996. Tanksley, Charlie. Speech on the Proposed New Flag. Ajc.com. 30 Jan. 2001. < http://www.accessatlanta.com/partners/ajc/flag/tankspeech.html>. Taylor, Mark. Remarks on the New Flag. Ajc.com. 30 Jan. 2001. http://www.accessatlanta.com/partners/ajc/flag/taylor0130.html.

A Response to a Historical Essay Based on the US Civil War Essay

The war as people have known and understood it, has inculcated nothing but violence. Over the history, the remnants of different wars became distinct because of the horrors that it caused and imbibed within the innocent lives of people not involved with it. In addition, those who have actually participated in wars, battleworn and inflicted with such violence can only remember the dreadful effects that it left. However, recent studies and approaches to war histories suggest otherwise. Indeed, there have been numerous horrors inflicted by the war towards innocent victims – women, children, elderly, and the soldiers themselves. But on a different light, the article by Drew Gilpin Faust shows that these wars, although violent and bloody, have brought numerous lessons that only the battlefield can best teach the people. In contrast to the usual and common notion perceiving war as evil and violent, some historians view the war as an enlightening period in the history. Francis Parkman believed that the Americans, who have for so long been vilified by their pursuit for success, will be purified and strengthened after a season of war wherein they shall call out for new ideals and they shall learn to appreciate emotions and sentiments relevant for them to destroy selfishness and greed (Faust, 2004, pp. 369-370). In a distinct manner, the Americans have been dominating the international arena due to their indespensable strength and the supremacy that they hold before less developed and weaker countries. And as such, this rendered the Americans the incapability to become keen of other nations’ sentiments towards their leadership. And with this, the outcomes of the war can be the only way to bring about worthy realizations towards the Americans. Although no one can deny that in reality, the wars that people have bravely fought caused numerous of lives gone to waste. However, despite the horrors of losing loved ones, comrades and brothers became a necessary sacrifice in order to purify a nation that has been subjected to ill doings and a means to cleanse the people out of their sins committed against their own nation and other nations. It may seem morbid to other people, but more civilians became largely interested in understanding the experiences of the fighters firsthand. Civilians became more willing to feel the sensation because for them, these experiences will render them the ability to become more humane – feeling different sensations and privilege of having emotions for them to grasp (Faust, 2004, p. 372). Those who served the military to cure the wounded became immensely satisfied of their tasks. For them, the patients that they attended to and the wounds that they had to cure introduced them to richer and new insights. And though these may have connoted a great level of violence, nonetheless these experiences explored a great deal out of their humanity. And for those who have endured the battle themselves as soldiers, a number treated such experience with rejoice despite the destruction and chaos that it caused them (Faust, 2004, p. 372). With all these perceptions about wars, Civil War in particular, most of the historians developed greater interests in tackling the horrors and lessons that come with it. The fondness of most of Americans in the wars that they have fought became distinct that most of the historians have dedicated a large amount of their time and career to discover the truth behind the Civil War and the lessons that it has ought to teach the people. As such, over the history, numerous books and studies have been developed that were dedicated to the Civil War. James McPherson’s book entitled â€Å"Battle Cry of Freedom† was one of the most celebrated composition and a direct beneficiary of the Civil War’s fame. It turned out to become one of the most respected and famous books that tackled the experiences behind the war. Consequently, the â€Å"Journal of Southern History† also became one of the best compositions that broadly represented the different aspects of the conflicts during the Civil War. Given the significant increase of people’s interest in the war, it is logical to wonder what has triggered the people’s desire to study more about it. Ken Burn explained that the issues confronted during the Civil War era is continously reflecting the contemporary issues that Americans still face today (Faust, 2004, pp. 374-375). In addition to Burn’s explanation, several writers have also come to the conclusion that people are still interested with the cause and outcome of the Civil War because it has shaped modern America’s society and culture. They believe that the horrors and lessons behind the war, though they are considerably dreaded, are keys to discover America’s roots and origin. The whole point of the article really does make sense. The turnout and effects of the war that it bestowed upon the country, the fighters involved in it, and the greater number of innocent lives who had to bear with the war experiences created a huge impact that is impossible to forget in a lifetime. The different aspects and different angles given to the study of Civil War offered a great amount of help in understanding the fruits and losses behind the incident. As such, such wars and battles mirror the history of America. During the present era, the war that America has fought and is still fighting presents the same outcome – numerous lives lost and land and property devastation. Same with America’s previous war engagement, they invented the war â€Å"in order to control violence† (Faust, 2004, p. 381). Equipped with weak evidences behind America’s attack against Iraq, America has acted in order to create for their country a â€Å"sense of meaning, intention and goal-directedness† (Faust, 2004, p. 381). Again, America was pushed into a war in order to regain superiority and control. Indeed, the wars that America has fought came with distinct lessons despite the unwanted memories and experiences that the wars have unleashed. But despite these horrors, the American government still pushed their nations onto a different battle regardless of what the world has to say about it. It is true, the Civil War taught Americans a great deal of lessons which were learned the hardest and most painful way. But now, they stand the war again – and numerous studies about the wars may not have helped at all. War, from the dawn of the history until the present generation, is still yet a battle that has not been won. Reference Faust, D. G. (2004). We Should Grow Too Fond of It: Why We Love the Civil War. Civil War History. (pp. 368-383). The Kent State University Press.

My favorite hero Netaji Subhaschandra Bose Essay

Great heroes are honoured in every country. There are many such heroes in every country. People have great liking for this hero or that. In our country many great heroes were born in the past. They were great patriots. They sacrificed their lives for the freedom of their mother land. We may mention, for instance, the name of Rana Pratap. He was a great national hero. He sacrificed everything for the freedom of his State. In the present age also many great heroes were born in India. They sacrificed their lives for their country’s freedom. We remember their names with love and respect. My favourite national hero Among the great heroes of modern India, the name of Netaji Subhaschandra comes uppermost in my mind. I like him best/He is my favourite national hero. His life is a great ideal to us. It inspires every Indian with ardent patriotism. Why he is my favourite national hero Very few Indians can be compared with Netaji Subhas. He was born in a rich and aristocratic Bengalee family in Orissa. He became a member of the Indian Civil Service. That was probably the highest ambition of most of the Indian students during the British rule in India. But Netaji Subhas was not satisfied with this. He did not like the life of luxury and pleasure. He chose the difficult path of serving his motherland. He took the vow of freeing his beloved motherland from the bondage of foreign rule. He resigned his imperial sevice. He did not care for rank and wealth. He joined the movement of the Indian National Congress under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan. He reaped the fruit of his service to the motherland. He struggled hard to free India from the British rule. And for this he had to suffer much all through his life. He was sent to prison. He was externed. Then he was interned in his own home. But no hardship could daunt his spirit. He followed his ideal with wonderful zeal. He did what he thought to be right. In this respect he did not yield even to Gandhiji. Perhaps we cannot mention any other eminent leader who had the courage to oppose Gandhiji. But Netaji did it because he had the courage of conviction. He felt that in certain respects he was right and Gandhiji was wrong and he had the courage to say this. His courage won the admiration of all. He became the President of the Indian National Congress. But he had to resign Presidentship for his fault of opposing Gandhiji. He preferred this. Still he would not sacrifice his firm faith in his policy of fighting for the freedom of his beloved motherland. During the last great War, he left India in disguise and went to Germany and Japan. He hoped to free India with the help of those countries. He had a wonderful power of organization. This had been noticed all through his life. He raised an army and called it the Indian National Army. It is briefly known as LN. A. With this army he fought against the powerful British Government at Imphal in Manipur. But owing to many adverse circumstances, his attempt was not successful. But his noble example inspired all freedom-loving people and particularly the young men of India. This LN. A. and’Jai Hind’ which was their way of greeting, will make his name ever memorable in the history of India. The members of I. N. A. alled him Netaji and since then he has been known as Netaji Subhas. After his failure, he left for Japan in an aeroplane. It is said that he met his death from the crashing of that aeroplane. But many Indians still believe that he is not dead. If he is alive, we do not know where he is now. Conclusion The life of Netaji Subhaschandra is a bright example of wonderful patriotism, indomitable spirit, undaunted courage of conviction, miraculous power of organization and loftiness of character. All these virtues appeal to me most, and hence I regard him as my favourite national hero.

How War Has Changed America essays

How War Has Changed America essays War is in every part of this world; in every country, state, or town. War causes problems, but yet it also solves problems. War is defined as open hostility between people, according to the Oxford American Dictionary. The war brought about many issues of cooperation, diversified production, and womens rights. These are all very important factors in the development of the United States. In the beginning, colonists were fleeing Europe to get away from the tyranny of the King. People of all different backgrounds were coming over, even though they were fleeing for similar religious reasons. Their thoughts of the new world were not what they had envisioned. They had no idea of all of the problems that they would have with the Indians. Feelings of inferiority were common among the colonists, as many new people arrived to the new land. The original settlers felt like their land was being taken away from them. Then there were the problems with Britain still. With all the problems in the States the colonists were able to come together and forget all of their other issues with each other and focus on maintaining their freedom and becoming a separate nation. Bringing people together was not the only bonus that America has received through war. The war certainly reshaped factory production. What people could mold out of steel and iron to, more or less, use to destroy the enemy, they went to all extremes to do it. All production facilities went into full war mode. The factories no longer produced cars and such, but instead, they made tanks and planes and bombs. The factory production status dumped a large portion of the population into the workforce that previously had been thought to not be able to do anything but house sit. Like the story of Rosie the Riveter. Masculine women doing what some thought only to be men's jobs. This started the issues of womens rights. ...

New Product in Marketing Aspect Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

New Product in Marketing Aspect - Assignment Example This strategy aims at increasing membership rather than maximizing on profits. The company also emphasizes on expansion and acquiring of additional markets, with little focus on marketing strategies, such as, market prices, share prices and characteristic the target market (Yglesias, 2014). Although this leads to increased sales turnover, it is also accompanied with increased operation costs, which reduces the gross and net profit margin significantly. Therefore, there is need for the company to develop sound pricing strategies that focus on maximization of revenue and profits alongside its objective on growth and expansion. Dynamically continuous innovation refers to a technology that articulates effect on consumption practices and patterns, through incorporation of a new technology (Hoyer & Deborah, 2008). Recently, the Guardian Telecom Company has launched an extensive line of indoor industrial voice over internet protocol (VOIP) telephones, in an effort to provide versatile telephone products, designed for use in adverse areas. The technology requires a simple connection to Guardian’s VOIP, over the internet protocol address, and to the users’ phones. The new technology aims to enhance consumer support and communication, in industrial areas that are prone to moderately harmful environment. Compared to consumer phones, this technology is ideal for emergencies and direct assistance communication, since it enables the consumers to initiate calls from any locations with the availability of internet connection (Valdes & Dave, 2014). In addition to its intended use, this new product also pro vides additional services to include, call waiting, call transfer, and repeat dial features. Stewart, J. (2014). Is Amazon’s fairy retail story coming to an end? Retrieved on 7 May 2014 from

Loose-leaf for Essentials of Life-Span Development Research Paper

Loose-leaf for Essentials of Life-Span Development - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the best way the Garcia parents can solve this impasse is by using authoritative parenting. The fact that authoritative parenting is more lenient compared to the authoritarian model of parenting necessities the consideration of the Garcia parents. This is because, the main beneficiaries of parenting, Kerry and Timothy are still young. Timothy, in this case, has a desire to copy his parents and to create gaming situations. Unlike the authoritarian model which is emphatic on the following of rules and regulations and the meting out of punishment, the authoritative model is more lenient and readily amenable to administrative and democratic styles of training and leadership. It is a fact that Timothy, in this case, is too young to appreciate the import of punishment and regulations. In a closely related wavelength, it is true that the authoritarian model of parenting may not auger well with Timothy’s emotional and intellectual develop ment. It is at this time that children become more inquisitive and ask many questions. At this stage, the leniency of the authoritative model will Timothy acquire more knowledge from Patricia and Michael Garcia. It is at Timothy’s stage that he is bound to resolve his struggle with the Oedipal complex with learning and accepting the social role identification which the society assigns. Should natural desires and goals overwhelm or frustrate timothy, Timothy will become predisposed to guilt feelings. Again, it is important to remember that it is at this stage where Timothy’s most important relationship is with the Garcias, his basic family. This may demand that Patricia and Michael make readjustments on their work schedules which will help them be present during Timothy’s development.